Download PDF Speech Therapy Aphasia Rehabilitation Star Workbook III: Expressive Language

Download PDF Speech Therapy Aphasia Rehabilitation Star Workbook III: Expressive Language

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Speech Therapy Aphasia Rehabilitation Star Workbook III: Expressive Language

Download PDF Speech Therapy Aphasia Rehabilitation Star Workbook III: Expressive Language

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Product details

Paperback: 150 pages

Publisher: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (May 30, 2014)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 1499296851

ISBN-13: 978-1499296853

Product Dimensions:

8.5 x 0.4 x 11 inches

Shipping Weight: 1 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

3.6 out of 5 stars

11 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#434,011 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

Perfect love the large color photographs. A great buy. So helpful!!! In response to the one negative review: As an experienced speech therapist who has been working with patients with aphasia for years, I wanted to share that this book is very useful especially for communication groups. At first glance, like the review stated it may look like just pictures and a few questions underneath but the images really help target descriptive language and conversation. For example, the strange picture of the man with the balloon over his face stimulates all kinds of conversations and speculation. It even got the reviewer to describe it! Exercises like the ones is this book are hard to come by and are very helpful for people with expressive aphasia. I have my patients try to describe the photographs to each other. Since they are not the typical pictures that most materials have it makes for some wonderful therapy.

I am a seasoned speech-language pathologist and I appreciate what this author is trying to do, in creating materials for aphasic individuals to use at home. I bought all 4 of these books at separate times, and this one last. If you have the others this is unnecessary, and there are better items out there. There are several things about this volume in particular that are confusing as far as organization goes, but someone who doesn’t have access to aphasia apps or other more expensive resources might find it helpful.

Just what he needed! Perfect.

good product

My dad has recently had a stroke. I purchased this book, along with the three others by Amanda Anderson. My dad took his books to his therapy sessions, and the therapist was enthused about these resources. He is using them daily!

This book lacks sustenance, there is no variety whatsoever. There is a photo and the reader has to tell what is happening in the photo, thats it. Some of the photos used are horrible quality and not clear and some of the photos are just weird e.g. a dirty drunk guy in the corner of a room with stains on his clothes holding a yellow balloon with a smiley face in front of his face. "What is going on in this photo". I don't have speech issues and I have no idea what was going on with that drunk guy. Very dissapointing purchase.Update to reviewer....There are free books you can download that have more material than this book for $40.00. My mother had been receiving speech therapy for 20 months now. I am very familiar with the material that's out there but I was not at the time of the purchase of this book. When I showed this book to her speech pathologist at the time, he too agreed it was poorly put together. If you are a speech therapist and recommend this book for $40.00 when better books are availble, something is not right.My mothers speech pathologist have given me great information both free and some not free. All this book offers is describe the photo, no problem solving, no yes or no, no describe how to do a task and the quality of the photos are horrible, in color.

Have bought all of these for my mom and she enjoys them. They are expensive which is my only complaint because people who have strokes and survive should have this material available to them for FREE. So minus 3 stars for the price.

After my husband's stroke, he suffered from significant expressive aphasia. He was very motivated to do whatever he could to heal, and he wanted daily activities in addition to the few he received during speech therapy. As an educator, I found myself cobbling together reading, writing, and math exercises for him to work on throughout the rest of the week. We were so grateful to find Amanda Anderson's books. They had the very best of what we were looking for. We are 9 months out from the stroke, and her workbooks are still being put to much use. I've done a good bit of searching and have yet to find anything that compares.The books are easy to use, clear, visually appealing and practical in application. We heartily endorse her entire series.

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Speech Therapy Aphasia Rehabilitation Star Workbook III: Expressive Language PDF

Speech Therapy Aphasia Rehabilitation Star Workbook III: Expressive Language PDF

Speech Therapy Aphasia Rehabilitation Star Workbook III: Expressive Language PDF

Speech Therapy Aphasia Rehabilitation Star Workbook III: Expressive Language PDF

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Ebook Free The Gospel of Mark Study Guide

Ebook Free The Gospel of Mark Study Guide

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The Gospel of Mark Study Guide

Ebook Free The Gospel of Mark Study Guide

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About the Author

Francis Chan is the best-selling author of Crazy Love, Forgotten God, Erasing Hell, You and Me Forever and the host of the BASIC.series (Who Is God & We Are Church). Currently, Francis is planting churches in the San Francisco area and recently launched a countrywide discipleship movement called Multiply with David Platt. Together, Francis and his wife Lisa raise their five children in Northern California.

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Product details

Series: Book of the Bible

Paperback: 260 pages

Publisher: RightNow Ministries International; 1 edition (October 30, 2018)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 0692193278

ISBN-13: 978-0692193273

Package Dimensions:

9.9 x 8 x 1 inches

Shipping Weight: 1.8 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

3.4 out of 5 stars

14 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#13,907 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

Lots of blank space and pictures but not much else. As a study guide this could have been about 15 to 20 pages in a traditional study guide size. In my opinion and that of the group that is using this as a study, it was too much money for what it should have been - a study guide not a picture toure.

My review is of the book itself not the topic, this is a fairly large book and pricey, I am really disappointed in the font size and lay out. The font is so small like it takes up a third of the page and the rest is blank and has pretty pictures.

The content is great! Suggestions for improvement include:1.) Increase size and contrast of fonts for folks with less than perfect eyesight. I shouldn't need a magnifying glass to read the text in a book this big.2.) Bind this book with a spiral binding so you can actually write in it without breaking the binding.3.) Cut down on fluff/filler pictures and wasted space. This will allow more space to write, if you want us to write comments.Once again, great content.

Francis Chan is incredible and we have started this study with out small group and love that we can go through the short video together and have daily study’s to do on our own until we come back together. We are loving this study of Mark!

With Francis Chan you can’t go wrong! Love the photos from Israel.

this is a beautiful book. I would have been satisfied for the print version at half the price however.

great maps and pictures.

Love the study

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Download PDF Making History Mine: Meaningful Connections for Grades 5-9

Download PDF Making History Mine: Meaningful Connections for Grades 5-9

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Making History Mine: Meaningful Connections for Grades 5-9

Download PDF Making History Mine: Meaningful Connections for Grades 5-9

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When visiting this website, you are remaining in the ideal location. Obtaining the book here will certainly enhance your suggestions as well as ideas, not only about the life and also culture that come in this current age. After we present this Making History Mine: Meaningful Connections For Grades 5-9, there are likewise many readers who love this publication. Just what regarding you? Will you become part of them? This will certainly not give you do not have or adverse part to read this book. It will most likely develop your life efficiency and also quality.

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About the Author

In 1989, Sarah Cooper placed seventeenth in the Scripps National Spelling Bee after winning the San Diego County Spelling Bee. Although her spelling career ended there, she did go on to receive a bachelor's degree in American history and literature from Harvard College and has taught middle and high school history and English for almost two decades in Los Angeles, Boulder (CO), and La Jolla (CA). She is currently teaching eighth-grade U.S. history and serves as Dean of Studies at Flintridge Preparatory School in La Canada, California."I am not sure I could avoid the profession," she says, adding that both of her parents were career public high school teachers before they retired. Sarah says that she wanted to become a teacher to be with kids every day. "I also wanted to give back to the next generation what I learned from my many knowledgeable and kind teachers in elementary, middle, and high school. I wanted to teach skills and cultural literacy concepts that can help students be productive, thoughtful citizens of the world."In her classrooms, she likes to watch kids focus their energy into productive thinking as they start the day's activities. "I love connecting what we are learning in history to current events outside the classroom. I love watching students grow from year to year in my classrooms or in the hallways of our school. I love one-on-one conferencing with students when we can discuss their writing and their thinking," Sarah says.When she sat down to write her book, Making History Mine, she looked through all of her lesson plans and handouts from the previous ten years to see patterns, themes, and strategies. "Once I had taken notes on all of these ideas, I began putting the elements together into chapters based on goals and themes," Sarah explains. Sarah is currently working on a book with Routledge about teaching middle school civics and current events, Creating Citizens, due out in early 2018. For her own professional development, Sarah likes to find inspiration by reading widely and collaborating with colleagues.  "I look for the idea that I can't get out of my head, the one that at first sounds too difficult or outside my typical style. If it sounds challenging and I can't forget it, it's probably an idea that will transform one area of my teaching." Recently she has also found it interesting to read about how schools change. "For pedagogical books, I look for works that will help me see the big picture of schools," she says.Sarah lives near Los Angeles with her husband and two sons.

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Product details

Paperback: 216 pages

Publisher: Stenhouse Publishers; unknown edition (March 30, 2009)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 1571107657

ISBN-13: 978-1571107657

Product Dimensions:

8 x 0.6 x 10 inches

Shipping Weight: 1.2 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

5.0 out of 5 stars

7 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#1,081,731 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

As a teacher of English at both middle and high school, I nodded, laughed and cheered throughout this admirable guide. Sarah Cooper's approach to lesson planning and classroom management is well documented, clear and persuasive. She combines state and national standards with her own educational goals, love of history and appreciation of the middle school student. She draws on internet resources for primary and secondary documents, and on literature for insight and inspiration. She incorporates short writing assignments as a means for students to further their thinking and caring about historical figures and events and their connection to the present. Drawing on her own experiences of trial and error, Cooper conveys the value of being not only the organizer and standard bearer, but a student as well, providing many opportunities for shared discovery. This is a lively account, filled with information and ideas applicable to any subject and grade level.

I love this book. The author gives some great examples and provides some interesting suggestions on how to make history fun and exciting. I seriously recommend this book for any one teaching social studies to late elementary, middle level, and early high school students.

Anyone interested in history may take an interest in history education and related debates --and then be curious to see how the history classroom works today. This is an honest book by a talented teacher.

This book has fascinating insight into teaching history in a way for students to "own" it, to connect them to the information and apply to world study. I would encourage all who teach this subject to study this material and apply it in the classroom.

gr8 book

With the lofty goal of covering hundreds or thousands of years in a single semester (and adhering to state and national standards), teaching history can be a daunting task. Planning and organization are crucial. Engaging the middle-schooler is an additional challenge. Sarah Cooper has created a template for making history come alive for middle school students! Chapters are attractively and clearly arranged and deal with a wide range of topics and strategies, starting with the individual and who makes history, to global citizenship and evaluating ethics and solving problems. Current events are brought in, underlining the importance of connecting past and present. Research strategies are included, as well as the importance of each student being organized--a section is devoted to the organization of student binders. Creative assignments, such as creating Facebook-type pages for historical figures, a talk radio panel on the election of 1800, or having 'conversations' with George Washington, are sure to spark students' interest. Ms. Cooper honestly reveals strategies that didn't work in her years of teaching, which is very helpful. This book is a gem for new teachers, as well as seasoned veterans. HIGHLY RECOMMENDED!

How can we better interest adolescents in history when they are so present- and future-oriented? In Making History Mine, Sarah Cooper gives history teachers everywhere a valuable resource that bursts with life and practical ideas to reach and inspire students. Cooper, with two magic questions, has the key to the portal into adolescent engagement: 1) What do you like about this? and 2) What is your opinion? These two deceptively simple openers help the students make the "meaningful connections" of her subtitle. Playing upon the passions of youth and their quest for identity, Cooper draws them deep into history by inviting them "into the heads" of history makers and partakers.Cooper chronicles both triumphs and disappointments in lesson plan implementation. Her students' responses remind us that her success is rooted in experience; Cooper's candor about her struggles and her determination to continuously improve is incredibly motivational. Making History Mine is informed by pedagogical practicality--it is supported by theory and research, but it is engaging in the same way that a brainstorming session with a brilliant master teacher can be: one leaves this book with overflowing excitement, inspired to try new ideas, ready to design creative new activities. Positively inspirational!

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Download Ebook , by Blaise Pascal Roger-Pol Droit

Download Ebook , by Blaise Pascal Roger-Pol Droit

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, by Blaise Pascal Roger-Pol Droit

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Product details

File Size: 1114 KB

Print Length: 372 pages

Publisher: Penguin; Rev Ed edition (May 29, 2003)

Publication Date: May 29, 2003

Sold by: PEN UK

Language: English

ASIN: B002XHNNWK

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I have taken it upon myself to familiarize myself with many of the classical arguments for and against God. Blaise Pascal was a 17th century mathematician and philosopher who decided to follow Christ with his whole heart. He did so not without careful consideration of the alternatives, and his logic in Pensées is reflected in what is commonly known as Pascal's wager. He reasons that either the God of the Bible is true, or there is no God. If the God of the Bible is true and trusting him with your life results in eternal life and heaven without evil forever, the benefits are obvious. If God is true, and you reject him, the results are eternal separation and hell. If God is false, believing in Him results in the temporal benefits of a life filled with purpose only to result in oblivion. If God is false, not believing in Him simply results in a meaningless life only to end in oblivion. Pascal points out that everyone must wager one of these choices, and for him wagering that God is real and living your life that way is infinitely better. Pensées is translated as "thoughts" and it was published after Pascal died. He intended to make them his life work, but never finished the project. It is laid out much like Proverbs and Ecclesiastes as short bullet points, and that was what his notes were like. The book was published in 1669. His thoughts are absolutely powerful, and formed foundations for future philosophical discussions.

Science, Religion, Psychology, Proof, Certainity, Reason, Self-love, God, Bible, Mathematics, History, etc., etc.. These ideas confront the modern mind.Pascal, a mathematical genius and devout Christian, confronts them face-to-face. The conversation is fascinating!Enjoyed the intro by TS Elliott. Explains that Pascal grew up working to understand the way things work, like Maxwell. Comments on the battle Pascal is fighting in his writing with Montaigne. Montaigne is the doubter in Everyman, even Pascal. The mathematical genius unites with the passionate believer to create a work 'that belongs to the history of humanity'. As he notes, 'it must be remembered that he counts as one of the greatest physicists and mathematicians of all time'.Introduction- T. S. EliotI. Thoughts On Mind And On StyleII. The Misery Of Man Without GodIII. Of The Necessity Of The WagerIV. Of The Means Of BeliefV. Justice And The Reason Of EffectsVI. The PhilosophersVII. Morality And DoctrineVIII. The Fundamentals Of The Christian ReligionIX. PerpetuityX. TypologyXI. The PropheciesXII. Proofs Of Jesus ChristXIII. The MiraclesXIV. Appendix: Polemical FragmentsPascal's writing sounds current to the modern ear, since the scientific world that was planted then is now in full bloom. He is writing to his contemporaries, especially the devotees of scientific rationalism. It helps to place him in his context. Descartes and Galileo are alive, Newton is born when Pascal is 20.The amazing power of mathematical science is sweeping the intellectual world. Pascal is a mathematical genius from childhood. He grows up in this fascinating new world and is a player. Young, smart, friends with the leading lights of France, theatre, parties, rich, finding his place with the prominent mathematicians of Europe, life is good.His sister becomes a nun. More, she converts to Jansenism, a Calvinistic form of Catholicism. Strict, moral, serious, disciplined and studious. She attempts to convert him. He listens and is moved, but not very far. He becomes sick. A doctor spends time treating him. He is a Jansenist. More listening. One day he experiences a mental firestorm. He dedicates himself without reservation to the Christian God.His memory and breadth of reading is prodigious. He was believed to have memorized the Bible. He quotes from most of the books of the Bible in these notes. Also, ancient authors such as Livy, Cicero, Augustine, Horace, Josephus, Philo, Eusebius, Thomas Aquinas, etc. His goal is the persuade the reader of the divine inspiration of the Bible and that the Christian faith is the truth from GodHe presents Daniel's prophesy concerning the seventy weeks of years and the appearance of the messiah and the destruction of the temple as a proof of Jesus as the messiah and confirmation of Bible truth. He explains Daniel's prophesies on the march of the world powers and the fulfillment in history.This is just one of dozens that he uses to convince the reader.He also expresses how this knowledge affects him . . ."Jesus Christ for told as to the time and the state of the world. The ruler taken from the thigh and the forth monarchy. How lucky we are to see this light amidst this darkness! How fine it is to see, with the eyes of faith, Darius and Cyrus, Alexander, Cyrus and Romans."These refer to the historical fulfillment of Daniel's prophecies. Pascal's analysis Daniel's prophesy of the kings of the north and south is amazing. The historical research must gave taken months.Pascal comments that the prophecies are the strongest proof of Jesus Christ. Over a thousand years and spread by the Jews all around the world in advance. Clearly the work of God!He notes: "proofs of Jesus Christ. - Jesus Christ said a great things so simply, that it seems as though he had not thought them great; and yet so clearly that we easily see what he thought of them. This clearness, joined to this simplicity, is wonderful." A comment of deep meditation.Pascal's understanding of the role of "proof" in belief is fascinating. Especially since as a mathematician he uses 'proof' as a fundamental tool in scientific discoveries. -"There are three sources of belief: reason, custom, inspiration. The Christian religion, which alone has reason, does not acknowledge as her true children those who believe without inspiration. It is not that she excludes reason and custom. On the contrary, the mind must be open to proofs, must be confirmed by custom, and offer itself in humbleness to inspirations, which alone can produce a true and saving effect." -Proof is a part of Christian belief but not all. Human belief is deeper than intellectual analysis.Pascal analyzes the interplay of external and internal devotion. . ."It is superstition to put one's hope in formalities; but it is pride to be unwilling to submit to them." Superstition meant foolishness or unfounded belief."The external must be joined to the internal to obtain anything from God, that is to say we must kneel, pray with the lips, etc., in order that proud man, who would not submit himself to God, may be now subject to the creature. To expect help from these externals his superstition; to refuse to join them to the internal is pride."Decarte seen as father of modern philosophy. Pascal met him and analyzed his work. Concludes -''I cannot forgive Descartes. In all his philosophy he would have been quite willing to dispense with God. But he had to make Him give a fillip to set the world in motion; beyond this, he has no further need of God.''Decarte laid bricks in the road to 'materialism' - no spiritual reality exists. Nevertheless -''The nature of man is wholly natural, omne animal.There is nothing he may not make natural; there is nothing natural he may not lose.''This use of paradoxical contrasts is a wonderful teaching tool! (from the Proverbs?)Pascal is a treasure.Some think helped Newton find calculus.Wilberforce studied him for hours and became a believer.Malcom Muggeridge loved him.Tocqueville studied him his entire life, over and over.Anyone who reads Pascal - and gets the sense of it - will never be poor again!

It's interesting how few spiritual people have read this book. It's truly moving and you'll find yourself repeating much of what Pascal wrote so long ago. It's a book from a man that thought long and hard about faith. While some of his sayings are popular and well known, many of the best I believe are still just waiting in the book to be found.

Atheists sometime do, but purely out of context. Christians frequently. This brilliant Mathematician who invented the calculator and barometer and who made significant contributions to geometry by age 13 was a devout Christian. The Penses are thoughts in isolation. I particularly liked his exposition of the Old Testament types. He understood very well the foreshadowing of the Messiah and properly referred to Jesus as the Jewish Messiah. Unlike some of his contemporaries, he revered and understood the Jews as God's chosen people. On other topics, his philosophical dislike of Montaigne and Rousseau. Of course the very brilliant Pascal's Wager which every atheist must consider:Pascal's wager:Man: Christians profess a religion for which they cannot give a reason and even declare that any attempt to do so would be foolishness.Pascal. CERTAINLY, EVEN THOUGH LACKING IN PROOFS , THEY ARE NOT LACKING IN SENSE.Man: What do you mean?Since God is infinitely incomprehensible. Then understanding him by means of reason is a contradiction in terms.Is it not because our reason is limited that we should have a limited idea of God?God is, or he is not.Reason can decide nothing here. Except to admit there is an infinity of things beyond understanding.Are you not a skeptic? because skeptics know man has a deep need for certitude,And a man like you wouldn't be satisfied with less,Nor dogmatic, because we all know that life is uncertain and in constant flux.Where does that leave us?God is or He is not.To which side shall you incline?Since this game could be played forever without outcome, you must wager.It is not optional, you are embarkedBut neither to the reason nor to the heart.Is it satisfying to wager on what is finite?No.Why?Because if you wager on what is finite and limited.And win, you gain nothing.But if you lose, you lose it all.If instead you wager on the infiniteAnd win, you gain all;But if you lose, you lose nothing.Man: But aren't we still uncertain?Pascal: Yes, of course, but you hope.And instead of counting only on your own strengthAnd risking despair,You place your hope in the reality of a superior existence.Man: And if I lose?Pascal:And if you lose?You have fought the good fight and will have become a charitable and sincere friend.And, in the meantime, God might reveal himself to you.

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Free PDF , by Ronald E Newton

Free PDF , by Ronald E Newton

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, by Ronald E Newton

Free PDF , by Ronald E Newton

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I've been reading this book these few days during my spare time and found it very helpful for my needs using Scrivener for windows. I've been using Scrivener for windows for a few years now and haven't gotten a hold of all or most of the features. Actually I stopped using Scrivener for a little while because of the difficulties I encountered. Reading this book is really awesome as the author explains some rather simple formatting and line spacing as would be needed when starting your first book project. He also gives some YouTube links which I consider very helpful especially when reading the book and using Scrivener all at the same time.On a friendly criticizing note I'd like to mention that the author keep using words like ["This author, at xx..."; "This writer overrides Scrivener’s..."; "This authors uses items..."] Man I love what you wrote but I think you need to write it like "My choice or my personal preference" something along those line instead of that particular starting lines. As a reader we all know the author wrote it and that suffices enough. Just thought I'd slip that in my review hoping the author will take notice and consider it.I'd personally recommend this book to all users of Scrivener for windows. Its a great Launchpad and makes it very easy to get things going for you. I've not read the book in its entirety because it keeps bringing me back to some reference points I made while using Scrivener especially as a beginner and setting up Scrivener like the author prescribed. I'll finish the book and probably get back here and add some more to my review.

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Download PDF When Life Nearly Died: The Greatest Mass Extinction of All Time (Revised edition)

Download PDF When Life Nearly Died: The Greatest Mass Extinction of All Time (Revised edition)

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When Life Nearly Died: The Greatest Mass Extinction of All Time (Revised edition)

Download PDF When Life Nearly Died: The Greatest Mass Extinction of All Time (Revised edition)

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About the Author

Michael J. Benton is Professor of Vertebrate Palaeontology at the University of Bristol. His many previous books include standard reference works, textbooks, and popular books on dinosaurs and the history of life.

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Paperback: 352 pages

Publisher: Thames & Hudson; Revised edition edition (August 11, 2015)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 9780500291931

ISBN-13: 978-0500291931

ASIN: 0500291934

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74 customer reviews

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I bought this book because I was interested in the Permian/Triassic mass extinction. Most of the book is a history of practitioners in the field with only the last part dealing with the Permian/Triassic mass extinction. For most of the read I found myself wanting the author to 'get on with it'.

The most well known, and well studied, mass extinction is, of course, the KT event of 65 million years ago that saw the end of many kinds of organisms, including the dinosaurs. But in terms of lives lost it's the Permian-Triassic (P-Tr) event that holds the record for the largest extinction in history. In "When Life Nearly Died" paleontologists Michael J Benton provides us with an in-depth study of, not only the the P-Tr event itself but a detailed review of how scientist first came to realize that there was in fact an mass extinction about 250 million years ago. The Permian itself was first studied and named in the mid 1800's by a Sir Roderick Murchison and ever since that time it has remained controversial. When did it start and when did it end? Was there really an extinction event at the P-Tr boundary or was that concept just caused by gaps in the fossil record? The study of fossils and fossil-bearing strata becomes increasingly difficult as you move back in time but by using what we've learned with our research on more recent events we can extrapolate a great deal. To that end Benton spends some time explaining what we know about the KT extinction and applying that knowledge to the much older P-Tr extinction. While Benton writes in a layperson friendly way he does assume some prior knowledge on the part of the reader. Out of necessity the text is heavy with Latin names and geological terms. But anyone who has some experience in reading paleontology or geological books shouldn't really have a problem. Following the Permian strata around the world you'll make stops in North America, Greenland, China, Russia and the Karoo formations in South Africa. By studying sedimentary deposits at these wide spread locations scientist hoped to nail down when, in fact, the Permian ended and whether or not there was a mega die off of animals and plants that had been, up to that point, successful. No matter which extinction event you'r talking about there seems to be a vast difference of opinion on what caused them; climate change, plate tectonics, volcanoes and even extraterrestrial disruptions like asteroids, super novas or gamma rays. Each theory has its pros and cons and in some cases it appears that a combination of elements may be the answer. Benton gives you a brief overview of each, explaining why some scientist think their pet theory is a good idea while others take the opposite viewpoint. For me the massive flood basalts of the Siberian Traps are a good bet with eruptions that went on for thousands of years (maybe even a million) and had a major impact on the environment. From reading this book it also seems to me that any number of the "random" elements that continually disrupt our planet could, simply by chance, occur at the same time with devastating results. Whether it's the Siberian Traps, Methane Sinks or even an asteroid strike, the P-Tr extinction event has more question than it has answers. If you're looking for a quick, easy answer as to what caused this extinction you won't find it in this book, nor any other for that matter. But the study of past extinctions is an active, fast changing field and theories on how they happened can change at the drop of a hat, a quick look at its turbulent history tells it all. For years no one was sure exactly how long the Permian lasted and it took decades of intense study to finally confirm when it came to an end and we are now pretty sure there was indeed a massive extinction event about 250m years BC (*). But research goes on and new findings will certainly shed new light into the dark recesses of time and possibly change everything we know. Only time will tell. I had no technical or formatting problems with this Kindle edition.(*) for a slightly different take on the P-Tr extinction and the state of current research see Douglas Erwin's "Extinction", published in 2006 and recently updated in the 2015 edition.Last Ranger

I love natural history and the study of our biological and geological past. This book is easy reading for the interested and well read layman and gives a wonderful glimpse into a time in ancient history when most life mysteriously vanished. The techniques, trials and tribulations, and successes of American and international paleontologists are well discussed and made more interesting and personal by the authors own experiences. The history of paleontology and geology is also well discussed. My one disappointment, and not really the author's fault, is that I wasn't at all convinced that we know the cause of the end Permian extinction. So I learned a great deal of paleontology, geology and history, making this book well worth the time and effort. But I'm no at all convinced that we currently know exactly what happened all those millennia ago. But I am convinced that something did!

Good coverage of the Permian mass extinction. Includes a number of chapters on the development of the concept of the Permian, as well as the complex ecosystems at the end of the Permian. The antepenultimate chapter reviews several potential causes and advances a "synthetic" solution of a number of causes, with the first, the Siberian Traps eruptions, being the first domino to go over and trigger other others, one after another. The next chapter covers the recovery in the Early Triassic, which took an exceptionally long time, and did not happen (or last) for over 90$ of marine and terrestrial species. I had not realized the the pervasiveness of the overall event which took out a large amount of land plants, with major groups being lost or severely reduced. The final chapter explores the idea of an potential consequences of the next extinction event, which some think we are in the beginning of. I did not find the book overly technical; it is heavily footnoted for those who would wish to go further..

The story begins in the early 1800's and continues through to the present day. Benton weaves a lot of hard science around the wrong turns, international politics and personal foibles that shaped our understanding of the development of life and the things that can happen along the way. The full story of the End Permian extinction event isn't revealed until the end of the book but the author is able to hold the reader's interest with compelling character sketches of the scientists and descriptions of some of the more important creatures in the Permian era. The final description of what our planet was like in the thousand of centuries following the extinction event reads like something from Cormac McCarthy's "The Road", only worse.Must reading for current members of the House Committee on Science and Technology, that is assuming they know how to read.

I love Earth history and have always been wanting to know as much as I could of where we and life in general began. As to that point the Great Extinctions have held a great interest for me as well. Michael J. Benton has given more than enough light to this Great Extinction event. If you don't have a good basic understanding of Earth history this book may be difficult to follow, but with some knowledge of this field you should have minimum difficulty in understanding what Mr. Benton is sharing with us the readers. His adventures in finding the correct answers to these extinctions are wonderful. The best part is I learned about something that I have always been curious about.

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PDF Download Sauron Defeated (History of Middle-Earth), by J. R. R. Tolkien Christopher Tolkien

PDF Download Sauron Defeated (History of Middle-Earth), by J. R. R. Tolkien Christopher Tolkien

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Sauron Defeated (History of Middle-Earth), by J. R. R. Tolkien Christopher Tolkien

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The final part of The History of The Lord of the Rings, an enthralling account of the writing of the Book of the Century which contains many additional scenes and includes the unpublished Epilogue in its entirety. In the first section of Sauron Defeated Christopher Tolkien completes his fascinating study of The Lord of the Rings. Beginning with Sam's rescue of Frodo from the Tower of Cirith Ungol, and giving a very different account of the Scouring of the Shire, this section ends with versions of the hitherto unpublished Epilogue, in which, years after the departure of Bilbo and Frodo from the Grey Havens, Sam attempts to answer his children's questions. The second section is an edition of The Notion Club Papers. These mysterious papers, discovered in the early years of the twenty-first century, report the discussions of an Oxford club in the years 1986-7, in which after a number of topics, the centre of interest turns to the legend of Atlantis, the strange communications recevied by other members of the club from the past, and the violent irruption of the legend into the North-west of Europe. This series of fascinating books has now been repackaged to complement the distinctive and classic style of the 'black cover' A-format paperbacks of The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings, The Silmarillion and Unfinished Tales.

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Product details

Paperback: 482 pages

Publisher: Harpercollins Pub Ltd; Re-issue edition (February 28, 2002)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 0261103059

ISBN-13: 978-0261103054

Product Dimensions:

5.1 x 1.2 x 7.8 inches

Shipping Weight: 11.4 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

4.9 out of 5 stars

32 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#263,399 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

Christopher Tolkien's amazing collection of his fathers papers know as the "History of Middle Earth" are specialized works whose value and enjoyment depend on how deeply one wishes to dive into the unmatched complexity of the mythic universe that lives behind "The Lord of the Rings". Volumes 6 through 9 deal with the writing of the novel. Somewhat confusingly these are also know as the History of The Lord of the Rings Volumes 1-4. Each volume presents successive drafts along with sketches, notes and corrections. It includes excellent observations and descriptions of the materials and how it was sorted and assembled by Christopher Tolkien. This is a rare detailed examination of the creative process that would well serve future author and critics even those with little interest in Fantasy fiction. Anyone who has struggled through more than a few research papers will also fall in love with the indexes which are as complete and useful as anything I have encountered. Unfortunately, there are two different editions of v 4 of The History of The Lord of the Rings "Sauron Defeated" and "The End of the Third Age" The latter of these is the only first third of "Sauron Defeated". It contains all of material concerning the writing from the Tower of Cirith Ungol through the Epilogue. "Sauron Defeated" adds the first publication of " The Notion Club Papers" written between the composition of The Two Towers and Return of the King. This was the beginning of a sort of Sci-Fi explanation of how the source texts of the "Silmarillion" materials supposedly came into the present. It includes some playful takes on characters recognizable as members of the Inklings. There is also a new version of "The Drowning of Anadune" which serves as an opening of an imagined discussion of Adunaic the (invented) language of Men of the late Second Age. Asking the question , of what use are these unfinished experiments, will determine which of these volumes are best. In order to appreciate most of what is contained in the "History of Middle Earth" it is necessary to understand why all of the languages, poetry, flora, fauna, maps and endless Lays, were essential to the whole creation. Those who are new to all of this would be best served by reading (or re-reading) Humphrey Carpenter's "Tolkien" biography, Thomas Shippey's "The Road to Middle Earth" and (if possible) Verlyn Flieger's "Splintered Light". Fair warning: this can be a doorway to a huge collection of seductive ideas and materials that are the emerging universe of Tolkien Studies. If matched sets are not an issue, the hardcover "Sauron Defeated is a bargain.

The contents of the fourth volume of the History of The Lord of the Rings has a very stark divide. The first section, made up of the first 140ish pages discusses the last of the materials about the creation of the Lord of the Rings, but the second and third sections move on to Tolkien's stories about the destruction of Numenor and the Anadune. If the first five volumes of the History of Middle Earth intrigued you, this volume is for you. On the other hand, if only the History of the Lord of the Rings interested you, perhaps this book may not be for you.

I am a huge Tolkien buff and I am trying to get my hands on copies of all his books (not a small task). This book is a good read but unless you are a dedicated Tolkien fan you may find some portions of it rather tedious. Still if you are a fan of the fantasy genre or Tolkien's world in general I think you will be able to enjoy this book.

Sauron Defeated: The End of the Third Age: The History of the Lord of the Rings, part four (History of Middle-earth)I bought this for my wife, she is thrilled to say the least. She is very happy with the book.Rev. Joseph

Also part of "The History of Middle Earth", this is an important part of the history of LOTR. I bought this set of Houghton Middleton books when it was offered years ago when the first LOTR movies came out (only because I couldn't afford to buy all of them at the time). I have found that this is an expanded version of the 4th book of the set, adding a considerable number of works that don't really apply to LOTR, but interesting to Tolkein fans just the same.

great book

Great book

These background books have little nuggets scattered throughout that make it worth the effort. You will have to wade through many pages that are of no interest to you, but it's worth it.

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Sauron Defeated (History of Middle-Earth), by J. R. R. Tolkien Christopher Tolkien PDF

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Sauron Defeated (History of Middle-Earth), by J. R. R. Tolkien Christopher Tolkien PDF

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